ADL Research & Reports
The ADL Initiative produced a substantial body of research on the Total Learning Architecture (TLA) and its component systems — from enterprise learner record repositories to adaptive instruction, learning analytics, and simulation-based training.
Total Learning Architecture (TLA)
The Total Learning Architecture is the ADL Initiative's flagship research program — a framework for next-generation learning that integrates formal and informal learning, adaptive instruction, and learning analytics across the DoD enterprise.
- 2019 Total Learning Architecture Report PDF
- ADL TLA — IDA Report 2020 PDF
- 2021 TLA Functional Requirements Document (w/ SF298) PDF
- TLA Data Model for Analytics and Adaptation (IITSEC 2021) PDF
- TLA Data Pillars & Adaptive Instructional Systems PDF
- TLA Standards Digital Learning Acquisition Techniques PDF
- TLA Enables Next-Generation Learning via Meta-Adaptation PDF
- TLA PlugFest Graduates (2022) PDF
- JSON Handout (2023) PDF
Enterprise Learner Record Repository (ELRR)
The ELRR is a DoD-wide system for capturing, storing, and sharing learner records across components — a core TLA data pillar.
- ELRR Database Design Description (2021) PDF
- ELRR Prototype Report (2021) PDF
- ELRR System Architecture Report (2021) PDF
- ELRR Systems Integration Plan (2021) PDF
- ELRR User Flow Diagrams (2021) PDF
- ELRR IOC Report (w/ SF298) PDF
- ELRR Systems Integration Plan PDF
DATA-SIM
DATA-SIM explores the use of simulation and data-driven approaches to support distributed learning and training effectiveness.
- DATA-SIM Needs Analysis Report PDF
- DATA-SIM Option Year 1 Final Report PDF
- DATA-SIM Requirements Report PDF
- DATA-SIM Stakeholder Analysis Report PDF
- DATA-SIM Testing & Evaluation Plan PDF
- DATA-SIM Conceptual UX/UI Design Report (2019) PDF
MADLx — Mobile Adaptive Distributed Learning
MADLx researches adaptive, mobile-first learning experiences that respond to learner context and performance in real time.
- MADLx Learning Analytics Survey Report (2021) PDF
- MADLx ROI Protocol Recommendations (2021) PDF
- MADLx ROI UX Exercise Memo (2021) PDF
- MADLx Webinar (2019) PDF
CaSS — Content Authoring & Sequencing System
CaSS provides authoring tools and guidance for creating adaptive, standards-based learning content.
- CaSS Authoring Tools Administrator Guide PDF
- CaSS Authoring Tools Final Report (2021) PDF
- CaSS Authoring Tools User Guide PDF
PS4TLA — Policy for the Total Learning Architecture
PS4TLA examines the policy environment and requirements needed to support TLA adoption across the DoD.
- PS4TLA Vol 1 — Operational Characteristics PDF
- PS4TLA Vol 2 — Modeling Factors PDF
- PS4TLA Vol 3 — Summit Report PDF
- PS4TLA Vol 5 — Policy Requirements (2019) PDF
SoLaR — State of Learning Research
SoLaR surveys the state of the art in learning research and provides exemplars and recommendations for DoD distributed learning.
- SoLaR Exemplar Report (2020) PDF
- SoLaR Recommendation Report (2020) PDF
- SoLaR State of the Art Report (2020) PDF
- DoD Use Case Report — SoLaR PDF
SF298 — Summative Formative Assessment
SF298 researches assessment strategies that integrate formative and summative evaluation within distributed learning environments.
ECC — Enterprise Content Collection
ECC researches the collection, curation, and delivery of enterprise learning content at scale.
- ECC Systems Integration Plan (2022, w/ SF298) PDF
- ECC Pre-Alpha Prototype Final Report (2020) PDF
- ECC MVP ADL Sandbox TE Report (2021) PDF
CMM — Capability Maturity Model
The CMM provides a rubric for assessing the maturity of distributed learning capabilities across DoD components.
DADLAC — Defense ADL Advisory Committee
DADLAC annual reports document the committee's activities, recommendations, and progress on distributed learning policy.
xRAP — xAPI Research & Prototyping
xRAP explores advanced xAPI use cases, prototyping, and research applications of the standard.
PERLS — Performance-Enhanced Learning & Readiness System
PERLS researches learning strategies and readiness assessment for military personnel in VVET (Veterans, Veterans' Families, and Transitioning Service Members) contexts.
Acquisition
Guidance and reports on acquiring distributed learning systems and content for the DoD.
- PIPS ADL Task 6 — Acquisition for New Distributed Learning PDF
- ADL Acquisition (2011) PDF
- ADL Acquisition Slides (2011) PPTX
- TLA Standards Digital Learning Acquisition Guidance (w/ SF298) PDF
SCORM adoption & certification
Spreadsheets tracking SCORM adopters and certified products across the industry:
Research papers
The ADL Initiative published and sponsored a large body of peer-reviewed research. A selection is listed below, grouped by year.
2010–2012
- Fletcher et al. — Research Foundations for ADL Initiative (IDA 2010) PDF
- Haag & Berking — Mobile Learning (IITSEC 2012) PDF
- Poltrack et al. — Next-Gen of SCORM (IITSEC 2012) PDF
- Regan et al. — Sharing Learning Content (IITSEC 2012) PDF
2013–2014
- Myers et al. — Procedural Skills in Simulation (AIED 2013) PDF
- Regan — Enhanced Learning Experiences (eSLE 2013) PDF
- Gallagher & Prestwich — CTA for Game Design (IITSEC 2013) PDF
- Fancsali et al. — Goal & Measures in Intelligent Tutoring (COGSCI 2014) PDF
- Lent & Durlach — Math Learning-by-Teaching (IAIIES 2014) PDF
- Gallagher & Prestwich — Videogame Micro-Puzzles (IITSEC 2014) PDF
- Journal of ADL Technology (JADLeT 2014) PDF
2015
- Huang et al. — Eval of Student Models, Slides (EDM 2015) PDF
- Huang et al. — Eval of Student Models (EDM 2015) PDF
- Brusilovsky et al. — Open Social Student Model (IEEE 2015) PDF
- Brusilovsky et al. — Social Student Modeling, Slides (UMAP 2015) PDF
- Brusilovsky et al. — Social Student Modeling (UMAP 2015) PDF
- Somyurek & Brusilovsky — Impact of OSSM on Self-Assessment (2015) PDF
2016
- Venugopal & Rus — Joint Interface for Mode Identification (COLING 2016) PDF
- Rus et al. — Dialogue Act Classification (EDM 2016) PDF
- Sahebi et al. — Performance Prediction (EDM 2016) PDF
- Greul et al. — Intelligent Coaching Systems (IAC 2016) PDF
- Reist et al. — Strategic Compression (IITSEC 2016) PDF
- Stodd et al. — Black Swans (IITSEC 2016) PDF
- Guerra et al. — Intelligent Interface for Learning Content (IUI 2016) PDF
- Folsom-Kovarik et al. — Cybersecurity LVC, Slides (MODSIM 2016) PDF
- Folsom-Kovarik et al. — Semantic & Episodic Learning (MODSIM 2016) PDF
- Nicholson et al. — Cybersecurity LVC (MODSIM 2016) PDF
- Ritter et al. — Toward Intelligent Instructional Handoffs (NIPS 2016) PDF
- Hosseini et al. — Animated Examples in Java Course (SIGCSE 2016) PDF
- Hosseini & Brusilovsky — Visual Cues in Hypermedia (UMAP 2016) PDF
2017
- Gervasio et al. — Approximate Graph Matching (ACS 2017) PDF
- Gervasio et al. — Demonstration-based Solution Authoring (ACS 2017) PDF
- Johnson & Haag — DoD DL Gaps (2017) PDF
- Moon — Sero 2017 EOY Report (2017) PDF
- Maymi, Woods & Folsom-Kovarik — Humans as Strong Link in TLA (AHFE 2017) PDF
- Goodwin et al. — GIFT Chapter on the TLA (2017) PDF
- Freed, Yarnall et al. — PERLS, NORTHCOM (IITSEC 2017) PDF
- Gallagher et al. — TLA Development (IITSEC 2017) PDF
- Hannigan et al. — Financial Readiness PAL (IITSEC 2017) PDF
- Hoke et al. — Performance Measurement in LVC (IITSEC 2017) PDF
- Raybourn, Schatz et al. — At the Tipping Point (IITSEC 2017) PDF
- Robson et al. — PeBL (IITSEC 2017) PDF
- Robson & Poltrack — Competencies (IITSEC 2017) PDF
- Freed, Folsom-Kovarik & Schatz — PERLS, TLA (MODSIM 2017) PDF
- Knijnenburg et al. — Death To The Privacy Calculus (SSRN 2017) PDF
- Sivakumar et al. — User-Tailored Privacy (USEC 2017) PDF
2018
- Neville & Folsom-Kovarik — Optimize Teaching & Training (AHFE 2018) PDF
- Fancsali et al. — Intelligent Instructional Handoffs (EDM 2018) PDF
- Ljung et al. — Integrating ADL into Multinational Exercises (IITSEC 2018) PDF
- Presnall & Radivojevic — Learning Analytics with xAPI (IITSEC 2018) PDF
- Robson & Hernandez — Blockchains & Training (IITSEC 2018) PDF
- Robson & Hernandez — Blockchains & Training (IITSEC 2018) PDF
- Vogel-Walcutt et al. — Team Orlando Community of Progress (IITSEC 2018) PDF
- NATO ADL Handbook — Online Access & Collaborative Development (2018) PDF
2019–2020
- Military Instructors — Motivation & Job Satisfaction (2019) PDF
- xAPI TLA DAVE Learning Analytics Algorithms (2019) PDF
- Heuristic Evaluative Framework for SRL Design (2020) PDF
- Educational Data Mining & Learning Analytics (2020) PDF
- Immersive Learning Environments at Scale (2020) PDF
- E-Internships in eLearning Curriculum (2020) PDF
- Competency Framework Development Process Report (2020) PDF
Other papers & reports
- Advanced Distributed Learning — A Global Perspective PDF
- ADL as Tool of SSR PDF
- ADL in Exercises PDF
- Assessing Performance in Cybersecurity Pilot Course PDF
- Assessment-based Serious Gaming (JCAL) PDF
- Bridging the SCORM and xAPI Gap — The Role of cmi5 PDF
- Controlled Vocabulary Considerations — xAPI PDF
- DAU Sandbox Final Report (2021) PDF
- Embedding Cyber-Physical Systems for Performance Assessment PDF
- MOTIF Needs Assessment PDF
- MLDP Report PDF
- Overview & Application of xAPI, cmi5 & xAPI Profiles PDF
- Opening Legacy Data Silos — Experience Data for Educational Impact PDF
- Sero! — Learning Assessment Platform (2018) PDF
- The Changing Face of Military Learning PDF
- Transmedia Social Learning — DoD Skillbridge PDF
- Competency-Based Scenario Design Book (Vol 9) PDF
- xAPI Conformance Testing Group Kickoff PDF
On lms.technology
Related standards and research context are documented on this site: